Israel “abides by the rule of law”, a Cabinet minister insisted as the Government continues to refuse to publish legal advice on whether the offensive in Gaza has broken international humanitarian rules.

Mel Stride said advice from Government lawyers to ministers on the situation will remain confidential but stressed the UK’s support for Israel is not “unconditional”.

The Government has come under increased pressure to suspend arms sales to Israel and to publish its legal advice following an attack which killed seven aid workers, including three Britons.

Israel Palestinians
Palestinians walk through the destruction left by the Israeli air and ground offensive after they withdrew from Khan Younis in the southern Gaza Strip (Ismael Abu Dayyah/AP)

The Israeli military has withdrawn its forces from the southern Gaza city of Khan Younis but could still mount an offensive against Hamas’s last stronghold in Rafah – despite the UK and US leading international pleas for restraint.

After six months of conflict following the October 7 massacre by Hamas, hundreds of thousands of Palestinians have fled to Rafah and any large-scale assault would be likely to lead to a high death toll.

The UK’s arms exports regime would prevent the supply of weapons to Israel if there is a “clear risk that the items might be used to commit or facilitate a serious violation of international humanitarian law”.

But the Government has refused to bow to pressure from opposition parties and some Conservatives to publish its legal advice on Israel’s compliance with international humanitarian law.

Work and Pensions Secretary Mr Stride said the advice will not be published due to “long-standing convention”.

He told Sky News: “Israel is a very important democratic country that abides by the rule of law, that we should be supporting, particularly in their hour of need and what has happened. However, that is not an unconditional support.

“We expect Israel not to do the kinds of things that happened with the aid workers and we have made it very clear that we are appalled by what happened there.

“We do expect, and the Americans as well and others, that aid will be going into Gaza.”

The situation in Gaza has seen Foreign Secretary Lord Cameron taking a more strident approach to criticism of Israel than some of his colleagues.

Mr Stride echoed Lord Cameron’s position that support for Israel is not unconditional.

But Deputy Prime Minister Oliver Dowden suggested on Sunday that Israel is being held to an “incredibly high standard” compared with other nations.

Mr Dowden insisted the UK has not given the Israel Defence Forces “carte blanche” and has held robust conversations with Benjamin Netanyahu’s government following the killings of British aid workers John Chapman, 57, James “Jim” Henderson, 33, and James Kirby, 47, on April 1.

On whether the UK should continue to supply arms, Mr Dowden told Sky News: “The manner in which some people are seizing on this issue and trying to hold Israel to incredibly high standards… of course it is right that we hold Israel to high standards, but I just think there is a bit of relish from some people about the way in which they are pushing this case against Israel.”

More than 1,200 lawyers and academics, including former lord chief justice Lord Woolf, and ex-Supreme Court justices Lord Collins and Lord Dyson, have signed a letter insisting there is no legal requirement to impose an arms embargo.

The UK Lawyers for Israel-organised letter comes in response to calls from more than 600 lawyers, including former Supreme Court justices, to suspend arms sales.